12 Notable Women in Virginia History

Summary Of Lord Of The Flies - 1541 Words

Kevin Luu AP Lit-B3 Ms.Anders Summer Novel Reading Questions 1.Golding,William. Lord of the Flies. Faber and Faber,1954 2.The title Lord of the Flies is referring to Beelzebub which is another name for the devil. This title is fitting for the story because typically flies surround something that is filthy or dirty,and in the story the boys on the island progressively become more dirty as the story progresses which reflects the innate evil that is in all of them. 3.The boys who are marooned on the island isolated from the rest of society split into two distinct groups,those who are civilized attempting to form a makeshift living space and those who give into their more primal instincts and form a hunter tribe. 4.Ralph is twelve years†¦show more content†¦7a.†Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man s heart, and the fall through the air of a true, wise friend called Piggy.† When all of the boys are first marooned on the island they are initially all innocent and fairly civil as opposed to towards the end once they are rescued from the island by the navy after they have grown savage as the result of all their hardships also leading to them losing their innocence B.This ending is fitting because now that Ralph has witnessed the evil within everyone’s hearts his perception of man is forever changed even as he is being rescued from the island.What he has seen on that island will remain with him for the rest of his life.†As time had come to pass,so had a sunrise,however there was no light,for all that was left was the darkness of man’s heart† 8.This novel is based upon the workings of the heart because it describes a story where a group of innocent twelve year old boys from England who couldn’t do any harm back home split into two distinct groups on the island,which were those who attempted to maintain an order and the others who followed their more primal instincts such as bloodlust and violence. As time goes on Ralph and Jack become even more cemented in their separate roles as the keeper of order and the feral hunter of the island. 9.I believe I wouldn’t identify with either Ralph orShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies Summary1001 Words   |  5 PagesSUMMARY It is very subtly indicated that the book takes place in the midst of an unspecified nuclear war. Some are ordinary students, while others arrive as a coherent body under an established leader (a choir). Most appear never to have encountered each other before. The book portrays their descent into savagery; left to themselves in a paradisiacal country, far from modern civilization, the well-educated children regress to a primitive state. At an allegorical level, the central theme is theRead MoreSummary Of Lord Of The Flies 1186 Words   |  5 PagesAlex Nguyen Mrs. Black, Period 5 26 May 2016 An Island of Savagery Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a book set during World War 2 about a group of young boys having to fend for themselves on an island with no signs of civilization. Within the novel, there are many different themes, most conveying the ingrained evil within all human beings and the malevolent complexions of humanity. As the story advances, Golding manifests the continuous conversion of the boys from being civilized and methodicalRead MoreSummary Of Lord Of The Flies 991 Words   |  4 PagesA little less than a year ago I sat in my family room furiously working on an English paper about Lord of the Flies. It was Monday night and my paper was due the next day. The only noise you could here was the sound of my computer’s keys clicking away. Around nine thirtyish I hung up from saying goodnight to my Dad. He was across the state at work and had an early morning the next day. His intention was to get as much work in before he came home that Wednesday. My mother and sister , Breanne, hadRead MoreSummary Of The Lord Of The Flies 1297 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Then Jonah went out from the city and sat east of it. There he made a shelter for himself and sat under it in the shade until he could see what would happen in the city. So the Lord God appointed a plant and it grew up over Jonah to be a shade over his head to deliver him from his discomfort. And Jonah was extremely happy about the plant.But God appointed a worm when dawn came the next day and it attacked the plant and it withered. When the sun came up God appointed a scorching east wind, and theRead MoreA Summary On The Novel Lord Of The Flies 1554 Words   |  7 Pagesbehind Raven and Frey, wrapping chains around their wrists and ankles. â€Å"That ought to hold them.† He stood and looked at the king. â€Å"But if you require me, I will be waiting in the corner, sire.† â€Å"I’ll talk to the goblin later. Take her away.† â€Å"Yes, my lord,† he said. The cyclops grabbed the stool Raven was slumped on and stooped so that his huge head just brushed the sloped ceiling as he melted into the shadows. â€Å"Aiden,† King Orrin sighed. â€Å"You have my things.† â€Å"Oh . . . Sorry. I almost forgot. HereRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies Chapter Summary1037 Words   |  5 Pages The book starts in a small little village that is rebuilding after the sun flares, the sun flares destroyed most everything on earth and very few things actually lived. There we meet Mark, Alec and Trina who then go to get breakfast where we meet Darnell, Toad, and Misty, when suddenly a Berg, which is a large airship, appears over the village. The berg stays suspended in the air while the hatch opens. Inside people in green suits with tube like items look down at the people of the village whoRead MoreLord Of The Flies Chapter 1 Summary1194 Words   |  5 PagesTwo men walk into a bar... Sounds like the opening to a bad joke. Well in a way it is; a joke .The two men sit in opposite booths at the bar. They order the same drink and begin to write; one with a notepad and one on a computer. Though they never look at each other, you can feel this sort of vibe in room. Drink one turns into drink four as the night starts coming to the end. The two men are still busy at work writing in thei r own way. As the younger man gets up to leave, he stops, looks down atRead MoreLord Of The Flies Chapter 1 Summary733 Words   |  3 PagesRalph had stopped crying, and resorted to distracting himself with thoughts of seeing his dad and being home again. He knew that his Britain had been destroyed, but he held on to the hope that everything would be back to normal soon. He was more satisfied with his appearance after showering, which felt very foreign after only a couple of weeks. His hair was still covering his eyes, but it was less of a hassle since it was clean. Ralph mostly had been sitting in the large room with the other kidsRead MoreLord Of The Flies Chapter 2 Summary1199 Words   |  5 Pages The ride back to civilization was quiet and somber. The echoes of Ralph’s grief hung heavy on the boy’s minds and hearts, while the weight of their sins settling on their shoulders. The officers came and went, asking for names, serving food and water, and cleansing their wounds. Samneric were badly burned and bruised, Maurice was missing, and Jack was unharmed by the flames. â€Å"How ironic that it was your manhunt, but you come out unscathed?† Ralph suddenly questioned in the quiet. Jack kept silenceRead MoreLord Of The Flies Chapter 1 Summary705 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"What wrong with that boy Doc, why’s he so afraid to be with the other children?† Inquired the captain. â€Å"He said something about seeing what was behind the paint and to watch for the beast, all sorts of nonsense, I think that island has got his head all screwed up.† Remarked the doctor as he took out his pad. â€Å"His vital signs are stable and once we test this blood will see if he’s got a virus of some sort, or it could be that he’s just plain mad, had a nervous breakdown the poor chap.† The doctor

Situational Analysis of Occupational Health

Question: Discuss about the Situational Analysis of Occupational Health. Answer: Risk assessment of a fictional restaurant: Description of Risk Level of Risk Control measure 1. Use of sharp objects: It is a common practice that the employees at a restaurant often have to deal with sharp object. The chef or the cook and their helpers at the kitchen have to use knife of various types (Clausen et al. 2014). These objects if handled carelessly can cause fatal accident or harm to the user. Even the waiters have to deal with cookeries and plates and glasses made of glass. There remains a great chance that these things get broken and causes injuries or cuts to the one handling the substances. Extreme In order to control these accidents, the employees should be given proper training to handle such substances. The restaurant should be spacious enough that people do not get hit by one another (Kwon et al. 2014). In addition to this, emergency help should be available to take care of any kind of cuts or injuries. 2. Fire Hazards: There are various reasons that can cause a fire in a restaurant. It has to be understood that the main function of a restaurant is to cook and offer food (Tiwari 2015). Cooking food requires fire. Any kind of mishandling can cause immediate catching of fire. If the fire is a big one, the cylinders can even burst causing a bigger fire. Usually, a restaurant is decorated with curtains and the tables are covered with table cloth. These hanging pieces of cloth can catch fire and the hazard can result in a tremendous disastrous situation. Medium The cooks and other helpers at the kitchen should wear apron. The curtains, table cloth and other materials used for interior decoration should be of synthetic cloth (Kwon et al. 2014). There should be provision for emergency fire exit. Fire extinguisher and other fire fighting agents should be equipped. Emergency fire alarm should also be set. 3. Electricity hazard: Hazard or any kind of accident due to electricity can occur at any time and in any place. Electricity hazard can take place in restaurants as well if any of the machines or electrical appliances is not handled properly. Appliances like refrigerator, grinder or mixer are common appliances used in a restaurant (McIntyre et al. 2014). In case, if there remained any faulty connection, it can cause spread of electric spark that can ultimately result in fire and disaster at the particular restaurant. Low Safety hazard due to electricity at a restaurant is low because generally all the appliances remained fixed and they are operated under good level of assistance. However, in case of any accident due to electricity, it is expected that the main electricity supply is cut off at once (Tiwari 2015). There should be the presence of electrician at the workplace, to manage any kind of faults. In addition to this, the appliances like grinder, refrigerator or bulbs, fans and ACs should be checked at a regular basis to avoid any kind of fatal accidents. References: lausen, A., Kraemer, P. and Schlueter, K., 2014. Health hazards of food supplements purchased through the internet in Germany.Health behavior and policy review,1(4), pp.335-350. Kwon, J., Roberts, K.R., Sauer, K., Cole, K.B. and Shanklin, C.W., 2014. Food Safety Risks in Restaurants and School Foodservice Establishments: Health Inspection Reports.Food Protection Trends,34(1), pp.25-35. McIntyre, L., Herr, I., Karden, L., Shyng, S. and Allen, K., 2014. Competencies of those assessing food safety risks of foods for sale at farmers markets in British Columbia, Canada.Food Prot. Trends,34(5), pp.331-348. Tiwari, R.R., 2015. Situational Analysis of Occupational Health Issues of Restaurant and Dhaba Workers.Occupational Medicine Health Affairs,2015.

Food Nutrition And Weight Loss Essay Research free essay sample

Food, Nutrition And Weight Loss Essay, Research Paper Human existences require nutrient to turn, reproduce, and maintain good wellness. Without nutrient, our organic structures could non remain warm, construct or mend tissue, or keep a pulse. Eating the right nutrients can assist us avoid certain diseases or retrieve faster when unwellness occurs. These and other of import maps are fueled by chemical substances in our nutrient called foods. Foods are classified as saccharides, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and H2O. Although worlds need nutrient to last, many people eat excessively much, or take the incorrect nutrients to eat, which leads to the organic structure seting on weight. When you eat more Calories than your day-to-day energy demands the excess Calories are stockpiled as body-fat. Slowly these fat cells maintain edifice up and settle on the hips, waist, thighs, upper weaponries and back, every bit good as around the bosom, kidneys, liver and other variety meats. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Nutrition And Weight Loss Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fortunately body-fat can easy converted into energy, nevertheless, you must cut down your fat consumption and exercising on a regular basis. If you merely cut down your fat and Don # 8217 ; t exercising, your organic structure will besides interrupt down musculus tissue and utilize them for fuel. Many people struggle to lose weight that is put on and that # 8217 ; s where weight loss companies come to the deliverance. There are many different ways for weight to be lost, as there are many different kinds of weight loss companies. First there is exercise Centres such as gyms and diversion Centres which focus on fittingness as the key to lose weight, Many assortments of pills, tablets and vitamin addendums are available that claim to do you lo se weight. Meal replacing plans are available where the consumer has a liquid drink alternatively of a repast and this provides them with necessary foods. Diet programs are normally found in magazines every bit good as the more common weight loss Centres which some supply you with nutrients to eat and others inform you and help you in doing wise nutrient picks. Whatever weight loss plan is chosen the consumer will be required to travel more and eat less which can be a common mis-conception in fleshy people desiring to lose weight. Fleshy people sometimes have the incorrect attitude towards weight loss and many think its # 8216 ; impossible # 8217 ; or will affect them holding to make excessively much. This is where the advertisement of the weight loss Centres comes in assuring them that they can still eat bar and french friess and maintain their quality of life. Another job corpulence people can hold is that they frequently seek weights that may be biologically impossible to accomplish or, if achieved, can non be maintained. Weight loss Centres can assist fleshy people reach their ideal weight by giving them mental aid every bit good as physical aid. The Centres inform people of good nutrition and appropriate nutrient picks and many combine support Sessionss with information Sessionss and some hold exercise Sessionss as good. To lose weight a individual fundamentally needs to exert more and get down eating a balanced and plentifulness of healthy nutrients. Although this may sound simple, a weight loss plan will assist an fleshy individual achieve their weight loss ends through advice and support they would non otherwise receive.

Cell Phones Possession in Schools Essay Example

Cell Phones Possession in Schools Essay NAME TEACHER Eng. 5 Pd. 2 19 September 2011 Cell Phone Possession in Schools There are many pros and cons towards cell phone possession in schools; nonetheless the pros outweigh the cons in extensive ways. In The New York Times, Kim Flodin wrote an article based on cell phone possession in schools. Can You Hear Me, Mom has positive and negative aspects towards the possession of cell phones in schools, through Kim Flodin, a parent, and Joel Klein, a former NYC school chancellor. Kim Flodin is a parent of two who is for cell phone possession in schools. She supports her argument by stating, â€Å" y middle-schooler commutes on her own from our Brooklyn home to her Manhattan middle school, and she needs a cellphone for her safety. † She also states â€Å"The minute my daughter leaves that school to come home, her phone is our lifeline. † September 11th 2001, was a very tragic day. Thousands of lives were lost, and many injured. During 9-11 school was in session, and cell p hones were the most used device to communicate. For example, my mom called my dad on his cell phone that day to make sure he was ok, because he was in manhattan, and near the twin towers. My mother was able to reach him and my dad was okay. Joel Klein was the former NYC school chancellor. He is against the possession of cell phones in schools, and defends the ban by stating, â€Å". cellphones lead to cheating on tests and cause other problems. † he also states â€Å"And phones incite fights? † There is text bullying, and other ways fights are started, but if you were in trouble and needed to call 9-1-1 or someone to help, a cell phone is the only way to communicate quick. Why should all the students get their phones confiscated and taken from them, when only a handful of them abuse the privilege of being able to possess a cellphone in school? We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Phones Possession in Schools specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Phones Possession in Schools specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Phones Possession in Schools specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Metal detectors are a good way of finding lethal weapons, but when it comes to taking away a device that can be used for emergency purposes, its wrong, even though some students exploit the privilege. Kim Flodin and Joel Klein have different opinions on the topic of cell phone possession in schools. They support their opinion in several ways, but the schools and parents should come to a solution and live in a happily ambience. However the pros outweigh the cons, and cell phone possession should be aloud in schools due to many complications and situations that have happened in the past due to not possessing a cellphone in school.

United States Declaration of Independence and Allowance Medical Allowance Essays

United States Declaration of Independence and Allowance Medical Allowance Essays United States Declaration of Independence and Allowance Medical Allowance Essay United States Declaration of Independence and Allowance Medical Allowance Essay E-67, 4th Crescent, Sainikpuri Secunderabad-500 094 Printed on : 10/03/2010 PAYSLIP DETAILS FOR THE MONTH OF : SEPTEMBER,2010 sudhansu sekhar mishra Employee ID SBU Designation Location Bank Current Leave Status CLs : 4. 00 BLs : 0. 00 Earnings Basic HRA Conveyance Education Allowance Special Allowance Medical Allowance Other Allowance Medical Reimbursement Meal Card Amount Gross Project DA Total Gross 3,500 1,400 800 0 1,300 0 0 0 0 7,000 0 7,000 Total Deduction Net Amount Arrear Gross Amount Total Amount Allowance Narration Deduction Narration Loan Narration Cumulative TDS Medical amount Rs. . 00/- is included in gross as allowance. , 0 623 6,378 0 6,378 PF ESI Professional Tax Loan Amount TDS Other Deductions Meal Card Amount Project DA SLs : 4. 00 Els : 7. 00 LOP Days : 0 MLs : 0. 00 Worked Days : 30 Deductions 420 123 80 0 0 0 0 0 112154 Radio Frequency Engineering S Level4 Hyderabad Axis Bank Ltd Date Of Join Account Number PF Number ESI Number Meal Card Account No: Project Nam e 14 Apr,2010 -NAAP/HY/35820/10250 N. A. Note: For more details please login to your account at specified URL http:// hrms. atspl. com Requesting to submit your tax declarations by login to ERP applicaiton, failing to submit the declaration will deduct TDS from salary accordiing to the tax rules In case of change of address/telephone number you may access your personal login and effect the change Aster Private Limited Page 1 of 1

Essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question - Essay Example This enables them to hold objects firmly in their hands as to avoiding slipping. Most mammals have double mammary glands in their body systems, while the primates on the other hand have two mammary glands in their body system making them unique mammals in the universe. Mammals like human beings have little hairs on their skins, as opposed to primates like chimpanzees that have many hairs that cover most parts of their bodies. This enables them to feel warmth during cold weather since they spend most of their time in the wild. The primates like the chimpanzees have the capability to walk upright like human beings especially when they need to see objects that are very far away (Pika 13). Unlike other mammals, the primates like chimpanzees are able to communicate with sound and gestures with other members of their family. Primates enjoy surviving in social groups with other members of their family as they groom each other. The survival groups are also meant to build structures for self- defense in times of disasters. Most mammals are classified into only one species, but some primates like chimpanzees are categorized into two species. Locomotion In Humans and Chimpanzees Both human and animals are able to walk upright as the move from one place to another with a lot of ease. The chimpanzees are also able to move with their four limps and they limit their upright movement only in circumstances where they need to see further ahead. Human beings walk upright and cannot walk easily with four limps due to their upright body structures. Human beings have a bowl shaped pelvis that support their internal body organs and enables them to move uprights with a lot of comfort. The chimpanzees on the other hand mostly lean forward during their movements and thus do not need to support their organs with their pelvis and so they posses broader hips. Since chimpanzees have broader structural hips, they can move by both hands and legs and the process of childbirth is easy as compare d to that of human beings (Pika 14). The bowl shaped pelvis in the humans makes it hard for them to move in fours and complicated the process of childbearing since its in opposition to the birth canal. Human feet are straight with toes at the front, chimpanzees on the other hand have slightly curved feet with strong opposable thumbs to facilitate grasping (Mulcahy). The structural feet of human beings enable them to push directly ahead while walking while the chimpanzee feet are mainly meant for crawling and diagonal rotating movements. Dentition comparison with Apes Human beings and chimpanzees have the same dental structure that is composed of 32 teeth and permanent heterodyne dentition in the lifetime. They humans and chimpanzee are also similar in their dental structure in that their young ones have the milk teeth before they develop the permanent teeth. The main difference between the humans and the chimpanzees is that the former have relatively smaller canines than the latter due to the nature of their eating habits. Chimpanzees eat less meat as compared to human but the meat they eat is mostly hard hence it needs bigger canines to tear it (Mulcahy). The bigger chimpanzees’ teeth are also used for self defense since it scare away the potential its potential threats. The canines of chimpanzees are projected outwards while that of humans does not stick out.

Norton Introduction to Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Norton Introduction to Literature - Essay Example Birds are symbols for freedom and entrapment. Marriage and womanhood are cages for women. Also, just by being a woman, women can hardly flex their wings and do as they please. But birds can also be freed, like what Louise feels after her husband died. Furthermore, the narrator also illuminates the oppression of women inside the institution of marriage. Louise only feels genuine freedom as a widow, because her mind screams: â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† (Chopin). This statement emphasizes that marriage has imprisoned her body and soul. The narrator then shares what marriage means for nineteenth-century women: a life without liberties and without liberties, there is no happiness. 2. Choose one of the main characters of this story. What can we learn about this character from the details given in the story? Does the character change from the beginning to end of the story? Is this a positive or negative character--and how do you know this from the story? Give details. The main c haracter of the story is Mrs. Mallard. Based on the details of the story, Mrs. Mallard does not own her life. She does not even have a first name in the beginning of the story, since she is introduced as Mrs. Mallard. Only in the end do readers learn that her first name is Louise. This mission of detail regarding one’s identity underscores that as a married woman, she is not an independent individual. She is only seen as someone who is married, someone under Brent Mallard. The character also changes from beginning to end. At first, Mrs. Mallard is the typical woman who must be treated with gentleness: â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death† (Chopin). It seems that she is a fragile person, which is a perception provide to women in early times. Later on, however, inside her room, she realizes the opportunities that await her, because she is already a wi dow. Louise receives an epiphany of her future life: â€Å"She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.† Spring stands for a beautiful life, a life with no will imposed upon her. She transforms into an empowered woman with complete control of her whole life. For me, Louise is a positive character, because she is only like every other human being, someone who wants to be free after being controlled for a long time. She feels happiness over her freedom per se, and not because she wants her husband to die. In her mind, she drinks the â€Å"elixir of life,† because she has not tasted that in her marriage. It is also understandable then for her to die when she sees her husband. Death is her only key to the elixir of life she just enjoyed. She knows that if she goes back to her married life, she will forever feel empty, for she will never be free in her marriage. 3. What role does the setting play in this story? What can you say about how it furthers the plot or the effect on the reader? What are the details that allow you to "see" one of the scenes in this story? The setting is important because it stands for the setting of every woman trapped in a patriarchal marriage. The setting furthers the plot by ensuring that readers feel how it is to be imprisoned in

Puritan Ideology and the American Society Essay

Puritan Ideology and the American Society - Essay Example Theoretically, the Puritans gave primary importance to purity or keeping themselves away from sinful way of life. They not only practiced moral values and holy acts by themselves but also intended to bring others to the same path. They proposed to encounter several difficulties and thorns throughout their way to salvation. The Puritans strived to proclaim a ‘True God’ to everyone even in hardest moments of persecution and exile. Undoubtedly, Puritans could influence the American society so significantly that it brought considerable level of reformation not only in faith and practice but also in every sphere of social life. Puritans confronted numerous difficulties in the new land. First of all, the challenge of getting accustomed with environmental change was beyond imagination. Sudden climatic change had adverse effects on their survival as such changes were quite unfamiliar to them. For instance, due to the climatic changes many became the victims of various deadly diseases. Hence, the new land brought many hurdles against their missionary practices as well. Another major problem faced by the Puritans was nothing but interacting with the natives who had been following some extreme ideologies about spirituality. Moreover, the diverse tribes of the American society revolted against the Puritans and totally opposed their views, ideas and activities. According Miller (as qtd in Fischer), the voluntary following of scripture and meaningful obedience were the fundamental practices of the Puritans. Ultimately, this in turn caused a bit chaos in the state, making the lives of the Puritans uneasy and pathetic . However, they never abandoned their mission of preaching true God to the ignorant. Even today America has a sense of mission in all global issues, and this is one of the major influences of the Puritan thought. To illustrate, the community of Puritans had long cherished and well rationalized goal of spreading the gospel. Bradford said that the puritans considered themselves as chosen ones. â€Å"They believed themselves to be God’s â€Å"divinely chosen† people† and also it is well described that the focus of the puritans was individual’s personal religious experience trough purification of self and society† (as qtd in Carbone). They could not comprehend the ideology of the Church of England and hence they also strongly condemned certain religious practices and doctrines. Taking the human race to divinity was the primary goal of the community. More significantly, they took initiatives in bringing the fallen back to the true path. This ‘rise from the fall’ clearly illustrated their vision of creating a new world with authentic knowledge of God. Puritans who settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony followed their own ideology and practices in particular. The group of believers stick to their faith and followed all concerned rituals and ceremonies while neglecting or ignoring outsiders. According to Bradstreet, puritan ideology had an extraordinary or outstanding significance. â€Å"Puritanism was more than a religious belief; it was a way of life† (Parrish Co). Although Puritanism was no more a political entity after the seventeenth century, it continued to influence the social and political environment of the American life. The prominent American values like individualism, egalitarianism, and optimism are the outcome of Puritan influence during the colonial period. The Puritan ideology was acceptable to many

Business Plan Bakery Example

Business Plan Bakery Example The Planning Process in Appendix A has been used as a planning tool to ensure the successful setting up of the new bakery. Starting with Gathering information, the business will start as a sole trader, with me being its owner as self-employed. According to Gov.uk (2016) self-employed means to run your own business as an individual. The bakery will be called The Farmhouse as seen in Appendix F . As a result, it will derive its name from the animal and vegetable shaped bread it will be selling, this being the competitive advantage, which resulted from Porters Five Forces Analysis ( Appendix B ). In terms of market research, it has been found that the business can effectively target families with children aged between 5 -14, which represents 14% of Lutons population, as seen in Appendix D . This gap emerged, after assessing the strengths and weaknesses of, Greggs, one major competitor within the bakery industry in the Mall (Appendix I) . Greggs has two shops and provide products similar to the new bakery, such as pastries, bread, and doughnuts (Appendix H ). According to Marketline (2016), one of Greggs weakness is concentrated operations, which means the business, fails to meet the needs of a specific market in terms of geographic reach. Greggs, is also facing tough competition from emerging businesses, as well as existing competitors, by lacking products, service offering, store size and quality food (Marketline, 2016). Therefore, the future goal of The Farmhouse will consist of providing creative and high quality products, to promote wellbeing within the community it operates, as seen in Appendix J . The legal requirements to start a bakery include Sale of Food licence and Food Preparation Licence approved by Luton Borough Council (GOV.UK, 2015), The General Food Law Regulation and The Food Safety Act 1990, also an inspection of the premises must be carried out to ensure Health and Safety regulations are put in place (HSE, 2016). According to Boddy (2014, p. 6) the first aspect of successfully planting the roots of a business, is to draw resources from the external environment making up the Inputs, as seen in Appendix E . One of the most important resources is Premises. The Farmhouse will be located in Luton Mall, with an average weekly footfall of 405,000 people (Completely Group, 2016). Feasibility is a key, therefore, a small unit has been chosen, costing  £1500/month, to minimise costs and ensure a profit will be made without any irrelevant costs being incurred see Appendix K . Capital is also important in funding the business, to acquire its resources. Therefore, a loan will be borrowed, amounting  £22,000, which will be used on different aspects, to successfully start the business venture, as seen in Appendix L . In terms of Labour, to ensure viability and to meet the vision of the new business, it is needed to have two part-time bakers, two part-time kitchen porters and two part-time shop assistant s and myself as an accountant and decision maker, which is analysed in stage 2 of the Business Plan. Stage 2 Human Resources Boddy (2014, p.340) states that to ensure that a business has the right employees to achieve its goals, the process needed to be taken into consideration is human resource planning, job analysis, employee recruitment and selection. The same approach will be taken by The Farmhouse. A job analysis will be compiled for each individual role, followed by recruitment process and selection. Job Analysis Job analysis starts with collecting data to create a job description, which will outline the purpose of a job, main responsibilities and duties, followed by what skills and knowledge the individual should possess (Boddy, 2014 p.348). The data will be collected from interviewing and observing current job holders, as suggested by Boddy (2014, p.340). It is also efficient to ensure, that as a new business, employees with broad competencies will be taken on board. This can ensure that more skills can be leveraged upon, being more cost effective. As the business owner, I will directly manage every employee as I possess skills such as finance, customer service, business focused, customer friendly, Patience, Passionate and always looking for new opportunities. Through the job analysis it has been identified that two part-time bakers will be needed to carry out the activities of the new business, ensuring its success. Therefore, a job description (JD) has been complied as seen in Appendix M . The baker will play an important role within the business, as it will provide creativity, efficiency and innovation. Next employees needed to start the business are the kitchen porters. They will also play a key in effectively running the business. They will be the second on the line employees, responsible with ensuring that the business adheres to the Food and Hygiene Act. These are all outlined in the Job Description (Appendix N ). Finally, shop assistants, are also valuable to the business, as they will sell the baked goods. They will also receive feedback and communicate to the owner, along with ensuring that customers receive the best service possible (Appendix O ). Recruitment and Selection Process Using Appendix P as the process, starting with advertising, the vacant positions will be advertised through jobs websites, such as Indeed, Total jobs and Monster, also on the Malls website. After the deadline, every application will be assessed and carefully selected for the interview stage. Boddy (2014, p.351) stated that interview remains popular as it has low direct costs, therefore, it results in being an efficient practice in selecting suitable candidates. However, before finalising recruitment, on crucial step in selecting candidates, is to see them perform on the job. Gov.uk (2016) states that a work trial is a way of trying out a potential employee before offering them a job, therefore, every employee will be supervised under a trial shift, to check performance and suitability for the job it is required to performed. An employees handbook will be compiled, to ensure the right policies and procedures are followed by all employees within the business. Stage 3 To successfully manage the new business, an organizational structure has been created ( Appendix Q ). Thus, having a narrow span of control, staff will have more responsibilities which results in less supervision and communication is effective, leaving no space for business processes waste (Boddy, 2014 p.311). Starting with the inputs, using Appendix E , after taking out a loan, renting premises, bargained with suppliers on best prices, and hired the most suitable employees, these resources go through operational processes. Part of the competitive advantage, baking is going to be done on site, having fresh baked goods, will overcome competition and attract customers. As customers come in, there will be refrigerators on each side of the shop, with fresh baked goods, such as animal and vegetable shaped bread, pastries, savory goods and doughnuts. They will then pick their goods and come at the till where the shop assistant will politely and eagerly serve the customer, asking for anonymous feedback at the end of customer service. Then the goods are handed back to the customer in a bag with a receipt, all these outlined in Appendix R . It is very important to collect feedback from to continually improve on the processes, and reduce processes waste. No matter the role, people contribute to the overall performance of a business by adding value to the resources.   Thus, the feedback gathered from customers is communicated to employees through the monthly appraisals along with an assessment of everyones performance., this being part of the continuous improvement process (Boddy, 2014 p.434). Therefore, a human relations culture approach is taken, where the owner takes part in the daily tasks of the business, and makes employees attached, thus encouraging cohesiveness and membership, leading to effectiveness and commitment (Boddy, 2014 p. 85) The kind of baked goods The Farmhouse will provide are listed in Appendix S. All the mentioned aspects, such as fresh baked goods, low prices and with the vision of looking after the welfare of people within the community lead towards a good reputation, thus, being able to expand and grow as an organisation to make a profit. As a future vision, using the continual improvement process model in Appendix T , adaptability will be a key aspect in assimilating feedback and changes occurring within the Macro and Micro environment, to create sustainability (Boddy, 2014 p29). Boddy (2014 p. 29) also states that by making productive use not just of financial and physical resources, but also of human and natural ones companies will excel in achieving its goals and, thus becoming successful. This is the exact strategy the small bakery will adopt to achieve success. To reduce baked goods waste, one of the ways of approaching it, is that all the former foodstuffs can be converted into quality animal feed, therefore, avoiding negative impact on the environment. Thus, all foodstuffs that are not suitable for human consumption, can be resold to factories that produce animal feed, whilst complying with the Feed Hygiene Regulations EU 183/2005 (Featherstone, 2013). Another way is to adhere to the Weights and Measures Act 1985, which states that bread should be produced in smaller quantities, such as 400g a loaf, to avoid waste (Legislation,1985). References Agency, F.S. (1999) Related pages. Available at: https://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/startingup (Accessed: 21 December 2016). Agency, F.S. (2015) Food Safety Act 1990. Available at: https://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/guidancenotes/hygguid/fsactguide (Accessed: 13 December 2016). AXA (2016) Employers liability insurance from AXA business insurance. Available at: http://www.axa.co.uk/insurance/business/employers-liability/ (Accessed: 22 December 2016). Boddy, D. (2014) Management an Introduction. 6th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Completely Group, R. (2016) The mall Luton, Luton, Bedfordshire, south east capital regional shopping centre portfolio. Available at: https://completelyretail.co.uk/portfolio/CapitalRegional/scheme/3675/index.html (Accessed: 15 December 2016). Completely Retail (2016) Properties to let. Available at: https://completelyretail.co.uk/search/properties?dataset=/search/propertiesin_place=Lutonin_place_id=21840 (Accessed: 21 December 2016). Doves Farm Foods, L.T.D. (2016a) Organic plain white flour. Available at: https://www.dovesfarm.co.uk/flour-and-ingredients/sack-flour/organic-plain-white-flour-25kg/ (Accessed: 25 December 2016). Doves Farm Foods, L.T.D. (2016b) Quick yeast. Available at: https://www.dovesfarm.co.uk/case-quantities/quick-yeast-16x125g/ (Accessed: 25 December 2016). Featherstone, P. (2013) Recycling food waste into animal feed within the UKs legislative framework. Available at: https://waste-management-world.com/a/recycling-food-waste-into-animal-feed-within-the-uks-legislative-framework (Accessed: 22 December 2016). GOV.UK (2015) Food business registration. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/food-business-registration/luton/apply (Accessed: 21 December 2016). GOV.UK (2016a) Choose a legal structure for your business. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/business-legal-structures/sole-trader (Accessed: 20 December 2016). GOV.UK (2016b) Income tax. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/income-tax/overview (Accessed: 13 December 2016). GOV.UK (2016c) Jobcentre plus help for recruiters. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/jobcentre-plus-help-for-recruiters/work-trials (Accessed: 22 December 2016). Greggs PLC (2016) Pasties and Bakes. Available at: https://www.greggs.co.uk/pasties-and-bakes (Accessed: 17 December 2016). HM Government (2010) The minister of agriculture, fisheries and food, the secretary of state for health and the secretary of state for. Available at: http://www.bakersfederation.org.uk/pdfs/the-bread-industry/bread-and-flour-regulations.pdf (Accessed: 13 December 2016). House, C. and Group Ltd (1995) Food safety (general food hygiene) regulations 1995 food safety (temperature control) regulations 1995 industry guide to good hygiene practice: Baking guide. Available at: http://www.iccservices.org.uk/downloads/fsa_leaflets/fsa_complete_baking_guide.pdf (Accessed: 13 December 2016). HSE (2016) Bakery products. Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/food/bakery.htm (Accessed: 22 December 2016). Legislation, G.U. (1985) Weights and Measures Act 1985. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72 (Accessed: 22 December 2016). Luton Gov.uk (2015) Luton 2015 mid-year population estimate. Available at: https://www.luton.gov.uk/Environment/Lists/LutonDocuments/PDF/Planning/Observatory/Luton%202015%20Mid%20Year%20Population%20Estimate.pdf (Accessed: 15 December 2016). Marketline (2016) Greggs Plc Analysis. Available at: http://0-advantage.marketline.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/Product?pid=FBCD9CA4-3C70-4E3F-9C43-57E5E1E23E11view=SWOTAnalysis (Accessed: 20 December 2016). NCS (2016) Baker. Available at: https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/job-profiles/baker#skills-required (Accessed: 22 December 2016). Porter, M.E. (1979) How competitive forces shape strategy. Available at: https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy (Accessed: 14 December 2016). RSPH (no date) National league tables. Available at: https://www.rsph.org.uk/our-work/campaigns/health-on-the-high-street-/nationwide-health-on-the-high-street-/national-league-tables-.html (Accessed: 13 December 2016). Virgin Start Up (2016) Start up loans. Available at: https://www.virginstartup.org/start-up-loans (Accessed: 22 December 2016). Appendices Appendix A The Planning Process (Boddy, 2014:183) Appendix B Porters Five Forces Analysis      Ã‚   Appendix C PEST Analysis (Gov.uk, 2016) Appendix D Luton Population (Age Analysis) Appendix E Transformation Process Model (Boddy 2014 :6) Appendix G Examples of Products to be sold by The Farmhouse Appendix F The Farmhouse Business Logo Appendix H Greggs products (Greggs PLC, 2016) Appendix I Greggs Swot Analysis (Marketline, 2016) Appendix J Vision and Values of The Farmhouse Appendix K Premises (Completely Group, 2016) Appendix L Costs incurred in the first month of operating Appendix M Job Description Baker Appendix N Job Description Kitchen Porter Appendix O Job Description Shop Assistant Appendix P Recruitment and Selection Process specific to The Farmhouse Appendix Q The Farmhouse Organisational structure Appendix R The Farmhouse Business Process Map Appendix S List of prices Appendix T Continual improvement process

Guests of the Nation, a Review of Conflicts Essay -- European Literatu

"Guests of the Nation," a short story by Frank O'Connor takes place in 1921 during Ireland's fight for independence from British rule. Set in a small cottage in the countryside of Ireland, the story tells of two Englishmen who are prisoners and are being watched over by three Irishmen. The story tells of the relationship that develops between the captives and their captors and explores the conflict that arises when the soldiers are called to duty. The story consisted of seven main characters, each adding depth to the story and contributing to the development of the plot. Two of the seven characters where the Englishmen Hawkins and Belcher. Hawkins was a "little Englishman" with a "deplorable tongue" who "never did a stroke of work," but despite this, he was a friend and "chum" to two of the soldiers. Belcher was the name of the second Englishman. Belcher was a "huge man" who was much more quiet with an "uncommon shortness...of speech." He too was friend to the two Irish soldiers and he go along especially well with the old woman of the house, Mary Brigid O'Connell (who was...

In Memoriam (Tennyson) Essay

The poem is not, nonetheless, merely a way to express personal grief. Even though the â€Å"I† of In Memoriam is at times totally linked with the poet. Tennyson, the poet himself alleged that it is recurrently proposed to symbolize how the human race expresses and communicates through him. The individual sorrow and uncertainty became a microcosm for the distress being beared by the men and women of the 19th century who had been moving away from faith in traditional religion, as the evolvements in science were getting on to the ending that as such there was no divine hand which existed to guide. The speaker actually gets troubled through the loss he has beared but he gradually consents to the notion that, regardless of the external signs of confusion, and disorder the world actually becoming a better place to live in; his friend Hallam enters in to be seen as a messenger of a superior reace which will show way to humankind to lead them to God. Tennyson shifts alternately from insensitive misery to self-awareness and gets too see that writing poetry is an antidote for pain. Poems 9 through 17 make up a cluster amalgamated by the poet’s thought on the arrival of Hallam’s body through the ship from Italy. A calmer anguish now encompasses his heart. This anguish due to grief gradually make the mind even firmer, but the more deeper the sorrows are than words keep closed within in his heart. He commences on not to display his emotions openly but as he should (Richard, 2004). As a consequence, In Memoriam portrays the chief Victorian clash of science and faith to be the true work of its era; Tennyson’s effort to settle any sort of doubts that are based on religion which take birth from his not public sorrow and the outcomes of pre-Darwinian theories which are associated to succession were cut down by thinkers of his time as a reasonable landmark. The cyclic modification in the turn from personal anguish and desolation to the bigger vision of the public and apprehension for wider, social problems that can be seen in this poem reveal Tennyson’s mounting reception of and settlement with the issues of his age. As the elegy gets to its ending, the poet becomes more strongly influenced. His love, even though was seen on their preceding earthly association, is â€Å"vaster passion† which is now that Hallam’s incidence is spiritual and subtle through God and nature. The elegy ends up with the self-assured statement of the poet which shows that the living are real and will supplementarily move humanity’s measures and of the faith in its real sense that will not be highlighted only after death. Form The poem is not, nonetheless, merely a way to express personal grief. Even though the â€Å"I† of In Memoriam is at times totally linked with the poet. Tennyson, the poet himself alleged that it is recurrently proposed to symbolize how the human race expresses and communicates through him. The individual sorrow and uncertainty became a microcosm for the distress being beared by the men and women of the 19th century who had been moving away from faith in traditional religion, as the evolvements in science were getting on to the ending that as such there was no divine hand which existed to guide. The speaker actually gets troubled through the loss he has beared but he gradually consents to the notion that, regardless of the external signs of confusion, and disorder the world actually becoming a better place to live in; his friend Hallam enters in to be seen as a messenger of a superior reace which will show way to humankind to lead them to God. As a consequence, In Memoriam portrays the chief Victorian clash of science and faith to be the true work of its era; Tennyson’s effort to settle any sort of doubts that are based on religion which take birth from his not public sorrow and the outcomes of pre-Darwinian theories which are associated to succession were cut down by thinkers of his time as a reasonable landmark. The cyclic modification in the turn from personal anguish and desolation to the bigger vision of the public and apprehension for wider, social problems that can be seen in this poem reveal Tennyson’s mounting reception of and settlement with the issues of his age (Matthew, 2002). Style Tennyson shifts alternately from insensitive misery to self-awareness and gets too see that writing poetry is an antidote for pain. Poems 9 through 17 make up a cluster amalgamated by the poet’s thought on the arrival of Hallam’s body through the ship from Italy. A calmer anguish now encompasses his heart. This anguish due to grief gradually make the mind even firmer, but the more deeper the sorrows are than words keep closed within in his heart. He commences on not to display his emotions openly but as he should. As the elegy gets to its ending, the poet becomes more strongly influenced. His love, even though was seen on their preceding earthly association, is â€Å"vaster passion† which is now that Hallam’s incidence is spiritual and subtle through God and nature. The elegy ends up with the self-assured statement of the poet which shows that the living are real and will supplementarily move humanity’s measures and of the faith in its real sense that will not be highlighted only after death. Because I Could Not Stop for Death Form The tone, or the emotional position of the speaker in this particular poem, is highly significant and the deception in â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death.† Although the theme is related to death, it is not a serious sad thing to talk over. In disagreement, Death is shown to be equal to a wooer in which emerges as fundamentally a fable, with abstractions constantly incarnate. overwhelmed by Death’s consideration and patience, the speaker responds by adding to her aside her work and free time (Vendler, 2004). One sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear. The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Style Death is a mostly a concern of Dickinson’s poetry. Usually in order to make means of exploration, she will surely check that its objectification all the way through a persona who has already died. The truth is that life is short and death is long. Perhaps in this sobering truth one may find that Dickinson’s poem is as much about life about how one ought to redeem it from the banal as it is about death(Laurence, 2004). One sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear. The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Content Death appears personified in this poem as a courtly beau who gently insists that the speaker put aside both â€Å"labor† and â€Å"leisure.† He arrives in his carriage, having stopped for her because she could not have stopped for him, and he even submits to a chaperone, â€Å"Immortality,† for the length of their outing together. It was not Death, for I stood up† Riddling becomes less straightforward, but no less central, in such a representative Dickinson poem as â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up† (#510), in which many of her themes and techniques appear. The first third of the poem, two stanzas of the six, suggest what the â€Å"it† is not: death, night, frost, or fire. Each is presented in a couplet, but even in those pairs of lines, Dickinson manages to disconcert her reader. It is not death, for the persona is standing upright, the difference between life and death reduced to one of posture. Nor is it night, for the bells are chimin g noon — but Dickinson’s image for that fact is also unnatural. The bells are mouths, their clappers tongues, which are â€Å"Put out†; personification here does not have the effect of making the bells more human, but of making them grotesque, breaking down as it does the barriers between such normally discrete worlds as the mechanical and the human, a distinction that Dickinson often dissolves. Moreover, the notion of the bells sticking out their tongues suggests their contemptuous attitude toward man. In stanza two, it is not frost because hot winds are crawling on the persona’s flesh. The hackneyed phrase is reversed, so it is not coolness, but heat that makes flesh crawl, and not the flesh itself that crawls, but the winds upon it; nor is it fire, for the persona’s marble feet â€Å"Could keep a Chancel, cool.† Again, the persona is dehumanized, now grotesquely marble. While accomplishing this, Dickinson has also begun her inclusion of sense data, pervasive in the first part of the poem, so that the confrontation is not only intellectual and emotional but physical as well (Hood, 2000). The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Thus, one sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear (Barton ,2008) Conclusion In this paper we have analysed two brilliant works of poetry, one In Memoriam by Tennyson as compared to Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Dickinson. We have analysed both the works in terms of their content, form and style and evaluate how they have been done by their respective writers. References Barton, A. (2008). Tennyson’s Name: Identity and Responsibility in the Poetry of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate,. Hood, J. (2000). Divining Desire: Tennyson and the Poetics of Transcendence. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, Laurence. M. (2004). W. Alfred Tennyson: The Critical Legacy. Rochester, N.Y.: Camden House, Matthew, C.( 2002). The Consolation of Otherness: The Male Love Elegy in Milton, Gray, and Tennyson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland,. Richard,B. (2004). Experience and Faith: The Late-Romantic Imagination of Emily Dickinson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Lundin, Roger. Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 2004. Vendler, H. (2004). Hennessey. Poets Thinking: Pope, Whitman, Dickinson, Yeats. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Fiscal Policy SA- Budget Speech

Fiscal Policy SA- Budget Speech Table of Contentsi. Executive Summary31. Introduction62. Essence of Budget 200772.1 Total Spending (Medium Term Expenditure Framework Period)83. Economic Backdrop - Buoyant Domestic Growth95. Rationale of 2007 Budget Speech116. Macroeconomy137. Fiscal Policy147.1 Expansionary Fiscal Policy147.2 Tax168. Fiscal and Monetary challenges208.1 Monetary Challenges229. Shortcomings of 2007 Budget.2310. Suggestions on how to address the shortcomings2410.1 Fiscal measures2410.2 Monetary measures2411. List of References:2612.ANNEXURES28i. Executive SummaryWhile delivering the 2007 Budget Speech on 21 February 2007, the elated and charismatic Trevor Manuel's tone typified South Africa's economy that has been performing remarkably well over the past 4 years largely due to sound fiscal and monetary policies and global influences. The increased quantity and quality of spending in the Budget is fuelled by the rationale of summarily accelerating the investment rate and pace of growth; improving the l ives of marginalised South Africans; maintaining a progressive security net; combating crime and improving the capacity and effectiveness of state; show case the country through preparing for the 2010 soccer event; and encouraging the culture of saving.GDPThe Budget and its continued expansionary fiscal stance is however characterised by significant challenges that may impede on progress in achieving certain objectives. These include vis- -vis policy lags, lack of capacity with regard to spending, government red-tape and inefficiencies, adverse rent-seeking behaviour, income and wealth redistribution. Global influences that will pose challenges include the anticipated lower global growth due to suppressed US growth, risks e.g. oil prices; US current account deficit amidst large surpluses amongst oil-producing countries. The main monetary challenge is that the South African Reserve Bank seeks to suppress demand to match supply but this is the low growth option. The proposed long term solution and high growth option is to boost supply in order to meet demand with official and private sector initiatives.A number of items were missing...

KKK and the Cross in Cincinnati essays

KKK and the Cross in Cincinnati essays The KKK are only putting the cross up in Fountain Square because they want attention. Do we want to give them what they want? NO! So, we can all not pay any attention to the cross. Instead of criticizing it, we worship it. Its like whenever a little kid is doing something really annoying and you keep telling them to stop, but they dont because they just want attention. What do you do to get them to stop? You dont pay any attention to them and eventually they figure out you dont care what theyre doing, so they dont do it anymore. Once they put the cross up there, all the Catholics should all go downtown as a city and make a big circle around it and say prayers. Then, we tell them how meaningful and religious it is to us, and how we cant ever repay the KKK because they are too nice. This will make them discouraged and frusterated. We can either praise this cross, or we can just NOT PAY ATTENTION TO IT AT ALL. For example, I cant tell you how many news stories have been written about this whole controversy. The KKK only puts the cross to get a rise out of us and make us angry, then we wont give them what they want. They will have then wasted their money on that property, and be furious. I think my little theory will work, if everyone follows through on it. If it doesnt work, then well work this out from there. We cant just sit back and write about how horrible the KKK is for putting the cross up without doing anything. ...

Effects of Population Density Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effects of Population Density - Essay Example Overall, the population grows in the world, and the population density becomes higher, especially in urban areas and large cities. In addition to physical population density, researchers identify another type of population density known as psychological state of crowding. Therefore, while discussing the topic of population density it is important to take into account not only pure statistics on density, but also the individual’s perceptions of crowding (Jain, 1987). Physical population density may cause negative effects on human behavior associated with intrusion to their territory, abuse of their personal space and/or breaking of their privacy. This paper aims to provide a more detailed analysis on how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. Also, this paper aims to examine the concept of noise and how it affects individuals. Privacy is an integral need of any individual, as it is â€Å"right to be left alone† (Ogden 2008, 20). With the development of Information Technologies and globalisation, the concept of privacy has been extended significantly covering thus the issues of private communication, surveillance, corporate monitoring, etc. Practically all people expect privacy in their lives as this is one of the fundamental human rights declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Ogden 2008). However, despite such a strong legal buttress, privacy as the human right has many different threats, varying from political and technological to social changes. One of such threats is increased population density (Ogden 2008). Territoriality initially was an important political and geographical term. Nowadays, it is widely adopted in environmental psychology and implies a concept whereas an individual organism or a group of organisms attempts to control a specified territory (Bortman et al., 2003). In other

Human Resource Management in Sweden Research Paper

Human Resource Management in Sweden - Research Paper Example As per Hofstede there are four broad cultural dimensions along which societies can be differentiated i.e. power distance, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. Power distance comprises the extent to which less influential individuals of a society accept discrimination in society. This acceptance level varies along different culture. Individualism culture focuses on societies where people are concerned about self-interest and interest of family only while collectivism refers to a culture where individuals protect the society’s interest. Masculine culture expects men as compared to women of society to play the assertive and ambitious role who strive for material success and it defines a caring and serving role for women. Feminine culture on other hand defines an overlapping role for both men and women and it focuses on interpersonal relationship and shows concern for the weak. Sweden is depicted with a feminine culture as it does not require any gender to be more ambitious and highly competitive. A culture which avoid uncertainty is active, security seeking and intolerant while a culture which accepts uncertainty tolerant, less aggressive and unemotional (Vitell et al). In Table 2 index for Sweden has been given on the basis of power distance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), Uncertainty avoidance index(UAI). From the Table2 we see that Sweden is not likely to avoid uncertainty. They are risk oriented. We also see that Sweden is more of a feminine country which emphasizes on relationship with people than with money. Swedish businessmen prefer appropriate code of behavior in business meeting. They believe in reaching a solution via joint decisions. They believe in facts, delivery schedule and need a longer period of time to inculcate shared information. Since they believe in consensus for a solution so they worry about what others might think of them

Intro to ethics Essay Example for Free

Intro to ethics Essay The career field that I have chosen is public relations which also has a focus in journalism. Since journalism is often known as the 4th government branch because it watches over the actions of the other branches there are many controversial issues involved which required applied ethics to work through. Business ethics can be seen very strongly in public relations and journalism because there are often conflicts between advertisers which is here the largest amount of revenue comes from and editorial. For example, an article may be getting ready to run about how someone was killed by a person who illegally obtained a gun. The article may spark some gun control arguments and opinions. In the same issue of the paper there might be a firearm store placing a large display advertisement for a sale they are having. There is a dilemma there that will need applied business ethics to decide what to do. Do they run both anyways, or stick with the advertiser and trim down the details of the article so there is not as much focus on gun control? There are legal rights issues that required applied ethics reasoning also associated with public relations and journalism. There are certain details and name and things that can only be printed based on specific things such as a person being certain age and circumstances. Some areas consider it illegal to print in the obituaries that someone committed suicide. Sometimes though if it is a public matter that many people witnessed it is had to avoid printing that a suicide occurred without people know there is information being with held. In addition to this there is also always the possibility of sources being incorrect and the information you print being libelous to someone. Finally there is computer and information ethics in applied ethics. This category can be seen in public relations and journalism in much the same way as legal issues with being slanderous or libelous to someone or a company. Depending on what sources one use there may be false information coming from the computer and information. A professional in public relations of journalism has to take the responsibility to fact check and check the credentials of the sources they are using. The responsibility to check facts does not lay with the source, but with the journalist. If they received incorrect information that could have been spotted if fact checking was done they are negligent and can face very serious consequences. Fact checking cannot only hurt the legally, but also ethically. The people, businesses and other things that are written about are affected deeply. Sometimes there has to be a choice made as to whether a story is worthy of printing if it is going to harm someone or someone’s family members. Most of the time the ethical choices that have to be made in public relations and journalism stem from not which side of a topic to be on, but what to put out to the public on topics. For example, even if a reporter feels that abortion is completely wrong they cannot express this opinion. They have to write for both sides just giving the facts to what things each side says. They could be thinking abut writing to persuade people on why abortion is wrong, but the ethical decision is to step back and understand where both sides of the argument are coming from.

How Fitzgerald Controls readers reaction To Gatsby in The Great Gatsby

Fitzgerald delays the introduction of Gatsby until fairly late in the novel. This emphasizes the theatrical quality of Gatsby's approach to life, which is an important part of his personality. Gatsby has literally created his own character. As his relentless quest for Daisy demonstrates, Gatsby has an extraordinary ability to transform his hopes and dreams into reality, at the beginning of the novel, he appears to the reader just as he desires to appear to the world. We hear of Gatsby through Nick, and in a sense his reputation precedes him. Fitzgerald propels the novel forward through the early chapters by shrouding Gatsby's background and the source of his wealth in mystery. Fitzgerald uses Nick as a puppet and, because of this we first hear Nick?s feelings towards Gatsby in chapter one. Nick is looking back into the past at this point, and how he perceives him since he first met him. Nick says, ?Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have unaffected scorn? and at this point in the novel, Fitzgerald makes sure we don?t understand what Nick is talking about. He then drip feeds us more information throughout the book, but this gives a very mysterious impression of Gatsby. What shouldn?t we like about him? We haven?t even met him yet. Fitzgerald then controls Nick to say, ?If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away. This responsiveness had nothing to do with that flabby impressionability which is dignified under the name of the ?creative temperament? ? it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romanti... ...ross just as he would like to be perceived at the start of the novel. As his relentless quest for Daisy demonstrates, Gatsby has an extraordinary ability to transform his hopes and dreams into reality. This talent for self-invention is what gives Gatsby his quality of ?greatness?: indeed, the title ?The Great Gatsby? is reminiscent of names for such magicians as ?The Great Houdini? and ?The Great Blackstone,? suggesting that the persona of Jay Gatsby is a masterful illusion. As the novel progresses and Fitzgerald deconstructs Gatsby?s self-presentation, Gatsby reveals himself to be an innocent, hopeful young man who stakes everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. Gatsby invests Daisy with an idealistic perfection that she cannot possibly attain in reality and pursues her with a passionate zeal that blinds him to her limitations.

Career Objectives Essay

My career objective is to develop and build-up manpower with practical knowledge and problem solving skills to expand small and medium agribusiness enterprises and improve the productivity of agribusiness value chain in agricultural industry and also in my country. Also I plan to apply acquired knowledge and practical skills from TAMU to up-scale agribusiness management, farmer producer organizations and groups, agribusiness supply chain management and improve agribusiness marketing of processed commodities and small business enterprise development. To be involved in international research, outreach programs and teaching in various aspects of agribusiness management and Enterprise Development. These activities inform our domestic efforts and enable me to address important problems and opportunities in my country’s (Nigeria) agribusiness supply chain and Enterprise Development. Also to help in the attainment of the national objective of poverty alleviation and food security in my country as envisage by the Agricultural Perspective Plan (APP) through assured and efficient agricultural marketing system. To create environment for incentive price of the farmers at the same time help the consumers in their access to agricultural produces at a comfortable price. To carry out relevant agriculture marketing research activities to support the future marketing policies and programs. To facilitate and support agro entrepreneur’s association for promoting agribusiness and export from Nigeria. To construct and strengthen agriculture marketing infrastructure. Commercialization of the agriculture has been my priority at the recent time which has increased substantial market surplus of various agricultural commodities, like vegetables, fruits, species, cash crops and other agricultural products within the country. With the increase in volume of marketable surplus, t he need for assured market outlet has become very necessary. This calls for improvement is the my overall interest.

A Moral Evaluation of Child Labor in the Philippines in the Perspective of Immanuel Kant Essay

Introduction Children are the prime movers of the country. They are very much endowed with so much potentialities in which may contribute for the betterment of the many. They are indeed really important in everybody’s life not only of their own family but also of their fellow human persons. Every person including the child must be respected and valued in virtue of his/her being a human person. Thus, children must and necessarily be treasured by valuing their own dignity as human persons capable of rationalizing for the betterment of the future. However, in the Philippines; most of the children in the past and even until now are being exploited in many different ways. Every child in this country is somehow is in the state of danger because the child may be abused at anytime, anywhere, and of anyone. Evidently, Philippines is a young country by which most of the people are composed of youth and/or children. By this, Philippines is very vulnerable to any forms of child exploitation. Similarly, one of the most evident forms of child exploitation in the Philippines is the child labor. Child labor is prevalent in the Philippine society. It should be noted that children are abused by forcing them to bare labor at their very young age. They are supposed to be in the classroom to learn and become educated but because of child labor they could be seen in many places working to earn a living. Because of child labor, it is evidently that children at their very young age are dehumanized. Their own inherent dignity has been taken away from them and thus makes children as objects of exploitation. Moreover, the researcher has decided to conduct a study on this matter to find out the reality of this phenomenon. The researcher wants to assess the morality of child labor in the Philippines and to see its moral implications to other moral agents. Through the aid of Immanuel Kant’s ethical concept, the researcher may find philosophical and moral basis of child labor. The philosophy of Kant particularly his Categorical Imperative and it second formulation- Formula of end itself- will be applied in the subject matter. Library research, internet surfing, journals, and other sources related to the study will be used to achieve the main objectives. By this, the study is reliable and substantial in nature. The substantiality of the study focuses on the child labor in the Philippines. Body The Categorical Imperative Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative clearly states that â€Å"act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† (Kant, 1964, p. 88). By this very definition of categorical imperative, Kant contends that morality involves universality and necessity. That is, morality should be applicable to all, and the action must and necessarily be done. Kant distinguishes between two imperatives- categorical and hypothetical. The latter for Kant cannot be the standard of morality since it only applies to some and thus cannot be universalized. It comes to man’s selfish inclination since it is only a â€Å"necessary as a means to the attainment of something else that one wills† (Kant, 1964, p.82) and therefore this cannot be accepted. On the one hand, categorical imperative derive from rational inclination where in reason is that which makes the categorical imperative universal. For Kant, categorical imperative is based on human reason because it must be â€Å"entirely a priori, since here we do not enjoy the advantage of having its reality given in experience and so if being obliged merely to explain, and not to establish, its possibility† (Kant, 1964, p. 87). This, however, does not mean that Kant totally rejected the consequence of any action to determine whether the action is morally right or wrong but he only emphasize the rational faculty of man to act morally which is universal and necessary. Kant further expound his moral philosophy by presenting the four formulations derive from categorical imperative but only the second formulation shall be discussed in the succeeding section because it is the focal point which is needed in the study, formula of end itself. Formula of End Itself. This second formula of Kant stresses the value of human person. It states that â€Å"act in such a way that you will always treat humanity whether in your own person or in the person of any other never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end† (Kant, 1964, p. 96). In this formula, Kant argues that any person should not be used as a mere tool or instrument for the attainment of something else. Every human person then has inherent value regardless of his/her culture, physical stature, nationality, and the like. Thus, every human person has dignity. He added, human person should not be used as a mean because of the person’s rationality. It is his/her rational faculty that which makes man a man and thus should be respected and developed further. Human person is always treated as end because his/her â€Å"rational nature exists as an end in itself† (Kant, 1964, p. 96). Kant explains his contention about man’s inherent dignity by distinguishing inherent value from instrumental value. The latter primarily are the things which do not have innate value such as money, food, and any material beings. Things such as those are really intended to the service for the human person. They are just the means and not the ends of themselves. â€Å"Beings whose existence depend, not on our will, but on nature, have nonetheless, if they are non-rational beings only a relative value as means and consequently called things† (Kant, 1964, p. 86) as Kant says. Thus, it cannot be that the things around us will be regarded as an end for they could only have value when they are being used but after they are being used, then their value is lost. So to say, things only have temporal value. In contrary, human persons are â€Å"persons because their nature already marks them out as an ends in themselves- that is, as something which ought not to be used merely as means- and consequently imposes to that extent a limit on all arbitrary treatment of them (and is an object of reverence)† (Kant, 1964, p. 96). Here, Kant firmly justifies his contention on human value by reiterating the nature of man, rationality, as the prime factor by which every man should be considered as the finality of all actions. Man, in virtue of his/her reason, is the end and not as a mean which leads to his/her dignity. Kant emphasizes more this second formulation by saying: Persons, therefore, are not merely subjective ends whose existence as an object of our actions has a value for us: they are objective ends- that is, things whose existence is in itself an end, and indeed an end such that in its place we can put no other end to which they should serve simply as means; for unless this is so, nothing at all of absolute value would be found anywhere. But if all value were conditioned- that is contingent- then no supreme principle could be found for reason at all. (Kant, 1964, p. 96). Nevertheless, Kant presented in the second formulation of categorical imperative, formula of end itself, the value of man (man’s dignity) which is justified by man’s nature that is capable of reasoning. Thus, through and through, man regardless of anything has the absolute value of being as man higher than any other worldly beings. Child Labor The innocence of the child simply makes the child as a child. No other beings could have an equal innocence of the child except the child itself. Child’s innocence is very unique characteristic. It is self evident to every child that he/she possesses such quality. Since the child is born, innocence has already been inherited by the child. Innocence is not given to a child but it is already in every child without the influence from the outside. This innocence is equal among other children regardless of child’s parental background, physical appearance, or culture. This equality is evidently true for the fact that every child is born naked, dependent, and innocent. Thus, every child, indeed, is innocent. In the same way, this child’s innocence is not static which stagnates on that particular stage but child also develop towards maturity. Every child has innate potentials and capacities to become adult. The child does not remain as a child forever but he/she is always going towards adulthood. However, most of the children especially in developing countries are being exploited and abused. Children at very young age have already engaged to dangerous and oppressive labor. In the Philippines, it is prevalent that most of the children are working to earn money. Children in such case could be seen in the streets, factories, or agricultural heavy activities. Definitely, children of those cases have bet their lives into death. Summing up these kinds of oppression of children, it water down to child labor. Child labor is a perennial societal problem not only of the other countries but also of this country- Philippines. Basically, children are expected to enjoy their childhood and should be in the school so as to develop their selves and discover their identity and skills. Childhood is a complex stage of personhood where the child is starting to grow up with dependency to other persons especially of the children’s parents. Children should be protected and nurtured because most of the children are exploited in many ways. This exploitation has become real because of child labor. Child labor is so rampant in the Philippines. Child labor prevents the natural and proper development of children. Thus, child labor has become a threat to every child’ innocence. The Child Child, according to the law, is defined as person below eighteen (18) years of age. Anyone who haven’t yet attain the age of eighteen may considered as a child or youth. Nevertheless, that person below eighteen years has no civil obligation in the state. But when a person has attained the age of eighteen, â€Å"he/she is no longer considered a child and becomes automatically entitled to do all acts of civil life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Diokno, 1998). By this, a person then has the duty to follow the civil law and become responsible for any misconduct. Moreover, the child has been defined in a broader sense in conformity to R. A. 7610 (Child Protection Law) which states that, â€Å"persons who below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of physical or mental disability or condition† (Diokno, 1998). It should be noted that the term child in this Child Protection Law is in wider perspective because child refers not only to physical aspect of a person which could be seen empirically but it includes the inner dimension of the person. The law states that a child is primarily be classified as incapable or less capable to protect itself because of disabilities from any harmful influence or oppression. Thus, it does not only imply that person over eighteen years of age may consider as adult or not anymore a child. This law is trying to emphasize the innocence and dependency of a person to persons outside itself. In addition, every child is endowed with rights of the society. Child at his/her young age must enjoy his/her childhood by giving to the utmost his/her needs as a child. The child must be provided with his/her basic needs such as food, shelter, clothes, care, and education. Because the child is really dependent on others, it is imperative to care, protect, feed, and educate such child. These are important in the child’s development towards maturity. Thus, â€Å"parents [should] go into all sorts of sacrifice to provide the highest educational opportunities for their children† (Andres & Ilada-Andres, 2005, p. 34). Child Work vs. Child Labor To understand the oppression happening in most of the children in the Philippines, it is better to distinguish and clarify these terms- child work and child labor. Child labor, as defined by the ILO-IPEC, is work situations where children are compelled to work on regular basis to earn a living for themselves and their families, and as a result are disadvantaged educationally and socially; where children work in conditions that are exploitative and damaging to their health and to their physical and mental development; where children are separated from their families, often deprived of educational and training opportunities; where children are forced to lead prematurely adult lives. (Diokno, 1998). This definition implies then that any work which could harm and will destroy the development of a child, either physically or mentally or both, including his/her social and emotional aspects is regarded as child labor. In addition, work that which could hinder the child’s education and his/her better future. Child labor is really an illness of the society which annihilates the child familial growth and that which really â€Å"deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (About Child Labor, 2002). Child labor, nevertheless, is a form of injustice in the society which needs to be responded by the authority and most especially â€Å"for those willing to stake their time and efforts to save the country’s children† (Diokno, 1998). Child work, on the one hand, is very much different to child labor. Although, both of them have similarity because they are both engaging with work, child work deals with any activities which do not hinder the well-development of a child. Work that does not maltreat and exploit the child is classified as just. Generally, if the work does not affect the development of a child’s body and holistic dimensions, and also his/her education then that work could help the child and contributes positively (About child labor, 2002). Why Child Labor? There are certain reasons on why child labor is continually happening in the Philippines. Child labor does not emerge out of the blue but it has come into reality brought by various problems. Thus, child labor is not the only problem in the Philippines but it becomes the result of combining societal problems. Basically, there are four prime reasons which cause this problem according to Jose W. Diokno (1998) and these are poverty, tradition and culture, educational opportunity, and economy. The Philippines is one of the poorest countries in the world. Poverty has been regarded as the root-cause of many social problems in the country including child labor. Because of poverty, a big number of Filipino families are living in slums areas with limited food. Their hunger, which is needed to be satisfied, is pushing the families to work in any ways including their children. Thus, children cannot refuse to do so but â€Å"to satisfy basic requirements† (Diokno, 1998). Although parents should work and earn a living for their children, their money is insufficient to sustain their needs and thus the parents has to decide that their children â€Å"must work to help in their family’s struggle for survival† (Diokno, 1998) otherwise, the whole family will suffer from hunger. In Filipino cultural context, children are expected to work at their young age because it has been practiced by the people in the past. It has been a â€Å"centuries-old tradition that the child must work through solidarity with the family† (Diokno, 1998) as a sign of respect and obedience to the Filipino culture. Filipinos have the kind of mentality that a child must work â€Å"to compensate†¦ the economic burden that he/she represents and to share in the maintenance of his/her family† (Diokno, 1998). So to say, children have become the burden in the family. Moreover, every child at his/her young age has the responsibility to take share with the family’s needs especially of its financial matters. Thus, Filipino culture has regarded the children’s work â€Å"as a phase of socialization where future roles are learned and working to share in the family is seen as training† (Diokno, 1998). Lack of educational opportunity is one of the reasons of child labor it deprives children to learn and develop their skills as persons. Parents usually prefer not to send their children in school because of family’s home far distance to the school, opportunity to earn more money through children’s labor, or to the expensive cost of schooling. Nevertheless, family could not take this kind of education system because â€Å"poor schooling has little credibility†¦ since it does not promote economic improvement† (Diokno, 1998) in the family. Education is important yet the kind of education in the Philippines most of the time does not give learning quality to them and thus cannot contribute to be competitive individuals. Finally, the economy of the country has influenced child labor. The fact that the country is mostly composed of young people, the economy demands young workers. The economic sectors look for more profit and thus they employed children to work so as to pay minimally. Employers prefer to hire children because â€Å"they represent docile work face, which could be hired and replaced at a fraction of adult wages† (Diokno, 1998) that which is an advantage for the employer. Children could easily be exploited because they cannot refuse the opportunity to help their family through labor. The economy does not only give good opportunities for progress but it also deteriorates the potentials and personhood of every child engages in â€Å"hazardous work† (About Child Labor, 2002). Exploitation of Children Nevertheless, child labor is a perennial issue in the Philippines which slowly destroy the humanness of every child. This ethical issue is continually growing as the local government and international organizations are trying to eliminate this problem. The United Nations (2008, p. 241) has recognized the value of children in particular as it issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states that all human beings are born equal in dignity and rights. By this, it recognizes the inherent value of human persons including the children. Despite the attempts of the public and private organizations to terminate this societal problem, child labor is still do exist at the present. Some of these forms of child labor in the Philippines have been identified by the International Labor Organization (ILO). It has been reported that children are abused in agricultural works such as the â€Å"sakada,† domestic work where children are victims of child trafficking and physically, verbally, and/or sexual abuse. Manufacture where children work as adult employees with heavy labor, scavenger and street children because of extreme poverty, mining and quarrying where children work dangerously as they unravel minerals inside the mountains. Unconditional worst forms where children are very much exploited by recruiting them as to become child soldiers training them to fight in the battle field and young girls are said to be sex slaves which contribute to prostitution minors (What kind of work children do? , 2012). Analysis Human person in virtue of hi/her reason has innate dignity. This is a basic truth which man holds as he/she exists in the world. To live in the world without dignity is futile. Man cannot live having without value to himself/herself and to others. His/her dignity gives man the right to be respected and protected. Man is quite different to other beings such as the material objects, plants, and animals precisely because man has a rational nature. Without it, man is perhaps the valueless being. So, man in nature is a dignified being. Because the term man is used in this in general sense, it encompasses any human person including the children. Children are also human persons and thus they have rational faculty which in return causes their dignity. Every child, therefore, has inherent dignity. Child is, nonetheless, a mature rational individual but it does not compel the dignity of the child because the child even in that stage of childhood has the mind which continually develops as the child is going toward maturity. Reasoning of a child may differ to one another but it remains the dignity to the child because of the child’s innate capacity of reasoning and rationalizing. Thus, child is always endowed with reason which makes the child a dignified person. The dignity of a child must be respected, protected, and preserved. However, child labor makes the child undignified being. It is said that labor is different from work although both of them have similarity because the former pertains to involvement in economy while the latter is a general notion of any human activities. Human labor in a sense is not bad in itself because â€Å"through labor, man realizes and humanizes himself; †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Timbreza, 2008, p. 94). By this, labor also makes man a man because it distinguishes man to other beings. Although reason primarily causes the distinction of man to other beings, labor has also become a factor which causes man to realize his/her humanness. Thus, labor does not only give negative implication but also good realization. However, child labor, although labor in form, is not the same with the true meaning of the word labor. In this context, child labor does not humanize children but it certainly dehumanizes every child. Child labor exploits and abuses the child in terms of heavy work which greatly affects the child’s natural development. Child labor is a form of oppression and it does not give any value to the child. Thus, child’s dignity has been taken away because of child labor. In Kant’s perspective, child’s dignity is justified through his second formulation of categorical imperative- formula of end itself. His contention is that any human person in virtue of his rationality must be regarded as the end of all actions. Man should not be used as a mean to acquire something else. All action should be done by considering man as an end. Similarly, every child, regardless of anything except of his/her reason, must be regarded as an end in itself. Reason will tell us that child’s dignity is important. It is morally right, universal, and necessary that the child’s dignity must be promoted. And any inhuman activity which destroys the dignity of the child must be eradicated especially child labor. Child labor, nevertheless, promotes oppressions and exploitations in which make the child a valueless human being. Such reasons of child labor like poverty, culture, educational opportunity, and demand of economy are nonetheless insufficient and unjustifiable reasons for the dignity of every child does not depend on these. Poverty is a perennial societal problem in the Philippines and this issue is not new to everybody. By extreme poverty, the family members, including the child, are push to bare labor even though it is not yet proper to the child to do so. A child engaging in hard labor is not yet proper because the child is supposed to be in the home or in the school so as to develop himself/herself and eventually realizes his/her meaningful existence. It cannot be that the child labor is morally right because of poverty which gives way to a child earning money for the family. Child here is not the end of labor precisely because labor is intended to get away from poverty but not for the sake of child’s benefit. It uses the child to overcome poverty rather than dignifying the child without poverty. In the midst of poverty, a child must be dignified as a human person. The parents should sustain the needs of the family and the community should protect the dignity of every child. Culture and tradition, on the one hand, must not dehumanize the child. Every child must not be enslaved by the culture. Culture also involves a matter of choice and thus anything which destroys the dignity of a child must be avoided and stopped. People are the makers of certain culture, and then people also have the capacity to change culture through man’s rationality. Human person’s rational faculty could obliterate such acquired and practiced culture and tradition. Nevertheless, culture in a way makes use of the child as a mean in order to continue such culture and not for the dignity of the child. This cannot be morally right that the child’s dignity be destroyed because of culture. It is irrational to follow certain culture which dehumanizes a child. Lack of educational opportunities and the demand of the economy, in the same way, make the child undignified human person in a way that they affect the natural development of a child. Lack of educational opportunities compels the right of the child to learn and to know his/her identity and demand of economy, in the same way, exploits the innocence of every child. They are both factors which give nevertheless worthless value to every child. In the end, children’s dignity has been destroyed because of child labor. Child labor does not respect, protect, and nurture the humanness of every child. Children in a sense have become mere objects to attain certain goal. They became instruments to alleviate poverty, maintain culture and tradition, victims of poor educational system, and exploited by economic interest. Child labor treated every child in a subjective end by which inclined by selfish interest. Objective end then must be realized and should be done so as to give dignity to every child. Summary and Conclusion The subject matter of this research study is about the morality of child labor. Through the second formulation of categorical imperative by Immanuel Kant, child labor has been assessed. The definition and meaning of the term â€Å"child† also has been presented that which aging below eighteen (18) years and above yet holistically incapable to protect and dependent to other people because of mental or physical disabilities. The distinction between child labor and child work has been discussed also. After which, child labor then has been evaluated that which hinders the natural development of a child. The reasons of child labor have been discussed in this study such as poverty, culture and tradition, lack of educational opportunity, and the demand of economy. Kant’s ethical ideas have been presented and discussed particularly the categorical imperative and its second formulation formula of end itself. Finally, the combining of facts and theory has been discussed in the analysis. In conclusion, child labor through evaluation using the second formulation of categorical imperative- end itself- of Kant is certainly unethical because it humiliate the dignity of every child. Child labor is the result of other societal problems and thus it should be answered. Certainly, child labor in effect gives an unethical implication in every child. It is morally wrong that the dignity of every child should be taken away because of child labor. Child, in virtue of being a human person, is always endowed with gift of rationality by which makes every child unique and higher than any other temporal beings. Rationality gives the child to have the right to be respected. Child’s dignity is innate in him/her thus it should be protected. Indeed, child labor is morally wrong because it primarily dehumanizes every child by destroying his/her dignity. Bibliography Primary: Kant, I. (1948). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (H.J. Paton, Trans. ). New York: Harper and Row Publishers, Inc. Kant, I. (1993). Grounding for the metaphysics of moral: On supposed right to lie because of philanthropic concerns. In J. W. Ellington (3rd ed. and Trans. ). Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hacket Publishing Company, Inc. Secondary: Andres, T. D. & Ilada-Andres, P. L. B. (2005). Understanding the Filipino (8th ed. ). Quezon City: New Day Publishing. Timbreza, F. T. (2008). Filipino philosophy today. Kalayaan Avenue Diliman, Quezon City: Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent. Inc. United Nations. (2008). Universal declaration of human rights: Dignity and justice for all of us. New York: UN Department of Publication. On-line: About child labor. (February 24, 2012). International Labor Organization. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www. ilo. org/ipec/fects/lang–en/index. htm Diokno, J. W. (1998). Part one: Understanding child labor. Working Together Against Child Labor: Philippine Campaign. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://ipecphils. tripod. com/pillaws/intro. htm What kinds of work do children do? (2012). Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www. knowledgelabor. org/child labor/kinds of child labor. php.